The Second Pledge of Aqabah: A Turning Point for Islam
The Second Pledge of Aqabah, or Bay’at al-Aqabah al-Thaniyah, marks one of the most significant events in Islamic history. This pledge, taken by the people of Madinah, was not just an agreement of allegiance but a declaration of sacrifice, hope, and commitment to Islam. It played a crucial role in the migration of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) from Makkah to Madinah, a moment that would define the future of the Muslim community.
Amid oppression and hardship in Makkah, where the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his followers were facing severe persecution, the Second Pledge of Aqabah became a beacon of hope. This historical event solidified the bond between the people of Madinah and the Prophet (ﷺ), paving the way for a new chapter in Islamic history. It was not merely an oath of loyalty, but a promise of support and protection, one that would ultimately lead to the establishment of the first Islamic state in Madinah.
A Unique Perspective on the Second Pledge of Aqabah
The account of the Second Pledge of Aqabah is extensively discussed in the book Seerat-e-Mubarakah: Muhammad Rasool Allah ﷺ – Quran and History in Perspective by Maulana Muhammad Miyan. Unlike traditional Seerah books that primarily rely on Hadith and historical narratives, this book takes a unique approach by emphasizing Quranic references as the primary source of the Prophet’s (ﷺ) life events. Maulana Muhammad Miyan, a renowned historian, intellectual, and scholar from India, provides deep insights into how the Quran itself testifies to the truthfulness of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and the significance of pivotal moments like the Pledge of Aqabah in shaping the course of Islamic history
The First and Second Pledges: The Foundation of Islam in Madinah
The significance of the Second Pledge of Aqabah can be understood in the context of the First Pledge of Aqabah. The initial pledge, taken the year before, was a smaller gathering of people from Madinah who pledged their allegiance to the Prophet (ﷺ). However, it was the Second Pledge that marked a turning point, as a larger group from Madinah gathered to confirm their support, this time with a promise to protect the Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers at all costs.
This pledge is pivotal in Islamic history because it signified that the Prophet (ﷺ) was no longer alone in his mission. The people of Madinah, led by figures like Mus’ab bin Umair (RA), assured their complete commitment to Islam. It was during this moment that the Prophet (ﷺ) received the assurance that he would be able to carry his mission forward with the protection and support of the Madani people. The second pledge was the formal groundwork that allowed the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions to make the critical decision of migration to Madinah.
The Role of Mus’ab bin Umair (RA) in the Second Pledge of Aqabah
One of the most remarkable figures during the Second Pledge of Aqabah was Mus’ab bin Umair (RA), who played an instrumental role in preparing Madinah for the Prophet’s (ﷺ) arrival. His unwavering faith and commitment to Islam were evident when he assured the people of Madinah of the righteousness of the cause, despite the numerous challenges that lay ahead. Mus’ab bin Umair (RA) was not just an ambassador of Islam; he was a symbol of sacrifice, having left behind a life of luxury for the sake of his faith.
Through his efforts, many people in Madinah embraced Islam, and the city became a stronghold for the nascent Muslim community. The commitment shown by Mus’ab bin Umair (RA) during the Second Pledge of Aqabah is a lesson for all Muslims today. His sacrifice reminds us that the road to success is often paved with personal loss and hardship.
The Promise of the Second Pledge of Aqabah: A Beacon of Hope
The Second Pledge of Aqabah was not just a political agreement; it was a spiritual promise. It represented the collective will of the people of Madinah to live by the teachings of Islam and to defend the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his mission. This pledge brought with it the hope of a new society—one that would be founded on justice, equality, and faith in the oneness of Allah (SWT). For the people of Madinah, it was an opportunity to become part of a divine mission that would change the course of history forever.
This pledge was a commitment to sacrifice—sacrificing time, resources, and even lives for the greater good of the Muslim ummah. It was a promise to stand firm in the face of adversity, much like the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions had done in Makkah. The Second Pledge of Aqabah is, therefore, a timeless reminder of the strength of faith and the importance of standing by one’s beliefs, no matter the cost.
The Legacy of the Second Pledge of Aqabah: An Enduring Lesson
The Second Pledge of Aqabah remains one of the most significant events in Islamic history. Its impact is felt even today, as it laid the foundation for the Islamic state in Madinah, which would later serve as the model for all Islamic governance. The pledge was a turning point in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his companions, and it continues to inspire Muslims to remain steadfast in their faith, especially in times of trial and adversity.
In conclusion, the Second Pledge of Aqabah was not just a formal act of allegiance; it was a promise of sacrifice, commitment, and unwavering faith. It symbolizes the power of unity, hope, and determination in the face of persecution. As Muslims, we must strive to uphold the values of the Second Pledge of Aqabah in our own lives, remaining dedicated to our faith and supporting the cause of justice and truth, just as the people of Madinah did so many years ago.
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اسلامی تاریخ میں ہجرتِ مدینہ منورہ کو اتنی اہمیت دی گئی ہے کہ اس سے اسلامی تاریخ کا آغاز ہواہے۔ یعنی موجودہ اسلامی سال کامطلب یہ ہے کہ ہجرتِ مدینہ کواتنےسال گزرچکے ہیں۔ آنحضرت ﷺ کی ہجرتِ مدینہ سے اسلامی سال کاآغاز ہوا۔
جب مکہ میں حضور ﷺ اور ان کےساتھیوں پر جبر وستم کی حد ہوگئی، یہاں تک کہ سفرِطائف میں بھی حضور ﷺ کونہایت ستایاگیا، تو آپ ﷺ کی صداقت کو دنیاکےسامنےظاہر کرنےکےلئے اللہ تعالیٰ نے مدینہ منوّرہ کےلوگوں کو حضور ﷺ کےمعاون ومددگار کےطور پر کھڑا کیا اور وہاں سے حج کےموقع پر مکہ تشریف لائےقافلوں میں سے کچھ افراد نے حضور ﷺ کے دستِ مبارک پر بیعت فرمائی۔ اسے بیعتِ عقبہ اولیٰ کہتے ہیں، اس سےاگلےسال ہونےوالی بیعت ، جو وادیءِ عقبہ میں ہوئی، اسے بیعتِ عقبہ ثانی کہتے ہیں۔ اسی بیعت کاذکر آوازِاسلام کی اس ویڈیو میں کیاگیاہے۔
حضرت مولانامحمدمیاں صاحب کی کتاب “سیرتِ مبارکہ۔محمد رسول اللہ ، ﷺ قرآن اور تاریخ کےآئینے میں” سے یہ اقتباس پڑھاگیاہے۔ سیدمحمد میاں دیوبندی ہندوستان کےمشہور مؤرخ، سیاست دان، دانشور اورماہرِ تعلیم تھے۔ان کا اصل نام مظفر میاں تھا۔آپ کی وفات 16/شوال المکرم1395ھ مطابق 22 اکتوبر 1975ء بہ روز چہارشنبہ 74 سال کی عمر میں آپ کی وفات ہوئی، دہلی میں تدفین عمل میں آئی۔
ان کی یہ تصنیف سیرت کی دوسری کتابوں سے اس طرح منفرد ہے کہ اس کا اصل مآخذ کتاب اللہ ہے، عام طور قاعدہ یہ ہے کہ سیرتِ مبارکہ محدثین کی کتابوں اورتاریخی کتب سے اخذ کی جاتی ہے اوردرمیان میں کہیں کہیں آیاتِ قرآنی کاحوالہ بھی دیاجاتاہے، مگر اس کتاب میں براہِ راست قرآنی حوالےدیےگئے ہیں، جس کانتیجہ یہ ہے کہ آنحضرت ﷺ کی وہ شخصیت نمایاں ہوئی، جو قرآنِ حکیم نےپیش فرمائی۔یہ واضح ہوگیاکہ قریش کی مخالفت کا سبب صرف عقیدہءتوحید ہی تھا۔دعوتِ اسلام کی مکمل حقیقت سامنے آگئی کہ وہ صرف ایک فلسفہ نہیں بلکہ ہمہ گیر انقلاب ہے۔آنحضرت ﷺ کی صداقت کے وہ دلائل واضح ہوگئے، جو قرآنِ حکیم نےپیش فرمائے ہیں۔نبوت سے پہلے چالیس سالہ حیاتِ مبارکہ کا دورانیہ زیادہ اجاگر ہوا ہے، کیوں کہ قرآنِ کریم نےآنحضرت ﷺ کی پاکیزگی بیان کرنےکےلئے اس دور کابھی حوالہ دیاہے۔
اس اقتباس میں حضرت مصعب بن عمیرؓ کا ذکر خاص طور پر کیاگیاہے، جو آنحضرت ﷺ کو مدنینہ منورہ بلانے والوں کے سُرخیل تھے اور ہرقسم کی آزمائش سے گزرنےکےلئے تیار تھے۔ جب آنحضرت ﷺ کے چچا حضرت عباس ؓ نے انہیں آنے والی مشکلات سے آگاہ کرنا چاہا تو انہوں نے بڑی خندہ پیشانی سے تمام مسکلات سے نبردآزما ہونےکےلئے آمادگی ظاہر کی ۔
حقیقتاً یہ مشکلات اور آزمائشیں آتی ہی اس لئے ہیں کہ ایمان والوں کے ایمان کوبڑھائیں اورانہیں بارگاہِ الٰہی میں سرخرو کریں۔ اس وقت دنیابھر میں مسلمانوں کوجو مشکلات درپیش ہیں، ان کاحل اسی ثابت قدمی اوراولوالعزمی میں چھُپا ہواہے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ ہمیں بھی ایمان پر ثابت قدم رہنے کی توفیق عطا فرمائے۔